October 2026

How Can I Start a Spiritual Conversation with a Jewish Friend?
What Is the Purpose of Man’s Creation According to Genesis 1:26?
Does Genesis 1 Indicate That God Is Neither Male nor Female?
When the Bible Says ‘Man,’ Does It Include Women?

The word “man” is used generically to mean humanity. Where it’s talking about distinctive features between men and women, the use of the word "man" refers to a male.

We have to read that from the context. For example, Genesis 1:27 says He made them male and female, and then in the second chapter goes into detail about the creation, how it is that God made man as male and female. The point of it is that men and women, in essence, who we are, are fully equal. We may have different functions, and that would be a mistake to deny, but we are both made in the image of God. We are equal in who we are before God. We are justified the same way. That’s what Galatians 3:28 means when it says there’s neither male nor female.  

 
Galatians 3:28–29

28 There is no Jew or Greek, slave or free, male or female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus. 29 And if you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s seed, heirs according to the promise. (HCSB)

From the Moody Bible Commentary:
 
Verse 28 puts all on the same footing (one in Christ); all are equally welcome to come to Christ. Not all are simply equivalent, however. If Jews, Greeks, slaves, free, maleand female no longer existed, Paul could not make such comments as “to the Jew first” (Rm 2:9-10), “slaves, obey your masters” (Eph 6:5), and “wives, submit to your own husbands” (Eph 5:22). Likewise, if in church ministry there is no difference in role between men and women, Paul could not say that elders are men (1Tm 3:1-2) and that women are excluded from teaching leadership (1Tm 2:12). Since becoming Abraham’s family happens according to promise,  it does not happen by law. It is God’s act of grace received by faith. 
What Is the Meaning of Exodus 34:7?

What does it mean that the punishment of God is to the third and fourth generation? Some people think there’s a generational curse. I don’t think so. I think what it’s saying is that when people rebel against God, and there are consequences for God’s divine justice, the consequences for that sin go from generation to generation until it’s broken by the mercy of God. 

I would give the example of someone who becomes an alcoholic. As much as we may consider that a disease, it is a disease with moral factors involved, and it leads to homes in which people and families are destroyed. It’s so dangerous and so harmful.

One of the sad things that we see is that it seems God's justice very often allows the consequences of that behavior. For example, the addiction leads to problems with their kids, who in the next generation often repeat the very same behavior, leading to the same consequences. They then pass that onto their kids and onto their kids until someone turns to the Lord and that behavior is broken. Until then, the consequences continue from generation to generation.  

 
Exodus 34:7

34 keeping steadfast love for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, but who will by no means clear the guilty, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children and the children’s children, to the third and the fourth generation.” (ESV)

From the Moody Bible Commentary:
 
He shows His lovingkindness to thousands, but He will not leave the guilty unpunished (34:7b). This refers to His distributive justice, that is, His dispensing of both rewards and punishments (cf. Is 3:10; Rm 2:6; 1Pt 1:17; cf. Paul Enns, Moody Handbook of Theology, rev. ed. [Chicago: Moody] 200) as well as His retributive justice, that is, the “expression of Divine wrath in which God punishes the wicked” (Enns, Handbook of Theology , 200; cf. Gn 2:17; Dt 27:26; Gl 3:10; Rm 6:23). These attributes reflect the balance of justice and benevolence; He is a God of justice but He is also very much a God of compassion. Going forward God’s people were not to presume on the latter by being reminded of the former. They should not think lightly of His wrath but should not expect anything less than lovingkindness (cf. 20:5, 6). For Paul’s use of this episode, see the comments on Rm 9:14-16.
Why Did God Choose Israel?

God chose Israel not because they were greater or more righteous than other nations but because of His covenant promises and His sovereign purpose. 

Deuteronomy says that the Lord set His love upon them because He loved them and because He would keep the oath He swore to their fathers. 

Israel was chosen to be a light to the nations and to bring forth the Messiah. Even today, according to Romans 11, the gifts and calling of God are irrevocable. God still has purposes for Israel in His prophetic plan.

 
Deuteronomy 7:7–8

7 The Lord was devoted to you and chose you, not because you were more numerous than all peoples, for you were the fewest of all peoples. 8 But because the Lord loved you and kept the oath He swore to your fathers, He brought you out with a strong hand and redeemed you from the place of slavery, from the power of Pharaoh king of Egypt. (HCSB)
 
Romans 11:28–29

28 Regarding the gospel, they are enemies for your advantage, but regarding election, they are loved because of the patriarchs, 29 since God’s gracious gifts and calling are irrevocable. (HCSB)

From the Moody Bible Commentary:
 
Deuteronomy 7:7–8. These verses give the grounds for God’s selection of the nation. The Lord did not set His loveon them because they were vast in number, for they were the fewest of all peoples (v. 7). God’s sovereign covenantal love was set in motion on one man Abraham (Gn 12:1-2), whose family then grew in size to 70 (Dt 10:22) and then ultimately to the size it was at this point in their history. The Lord kept His oath with their forefathers and redeemed Israel by bringing them out with a mighty hand from slavery in Egypt (v. 8). 

Romans 11:28–29. In Paul’s day, many of the Jewish people were enemies of the gospel, but for the sake of the fathers (because of the promises God made to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; cf. Gn 12:1-3; 15:6; 17:7-8), they remain God’s chosen people and will someday be restored (v. 28). The gifts and the calling of God (v. 29) does not refer to the supposed permanency of miraculous spiritual gifts. In context, Paul was speaking of God’s covenant promises that remain irrevocable (v. 29). 
What Does Jude 9 Mean When Michael Disputes with the Devil Over Moses’ Body?

In Jude 9, he’s referring to a book that was written between the Old Testament and the New Testament, what we often call the 400 silent years. They really weren’t so silent. There were books written, and they are the apocryphal books and also pseudepigraphal books. What that means is they are false writings, but they are false only in the sense that they say it was written by Enoch or Moses, and they really weren’t written by Enoch or Moses. 

They were written by somebody else to make it sound like they were written by Enoch or by Moses. Jude mentions a few of those, and these were very popular books. It’d be like someone today quoting from the Left Behind book series. 

This comes from the Assumption of Moses, where a story is told of a dispute about what to do with the body of Moses. In that story, Michael the archangel, when he was disputing with the devil about Moses’ body, did not dare bring an abusive condemnation against them but rebuked them in the Lord’s name. Jude is saying, if even the archangel Michael didn’t dispute with the devil in his own name, but used the Lord’s name, how should we deal with a satanic attack? We must use the name of God and not our own power. That’s the point Jude is making now. 

Did that really happen? Well, it could very well be that the Assumption of Moses had true things in it, and that’s what Jude is citing. I’m not saying that it didn’t happen. I’m just saying it didn’t happen in Scripture. It is possible that there are true things that are recorded in books that are outside of Scripture.

 
Jude 9–10

9 Yet Michael the archangel, when he was disputing with the Devil in a debate about Moses’ body, did not dare bring an abusive condemnation against him but said, “The Lord rebuke you!” 10 But these people blaspheme anything they don’t understand. What they know by instinct like unreasoning animals—they destroy themselves with these things. (HCSB)

From the Moody Bible Commentary:
 
As did false teachers in the past, the present false teachers reject authority, speaking against things which they do not understand (10). Not even angelic beings act this way (8, see the comments on 2Pt 2:10-11), as in Michael’s contest with the devil over Moses’ body (9). While this idea may come from The Assumption of Moses, that Jude cited it means the story is true. Jude’s point was that Michael’s rebuke was God-directed, not personal (10).
Why Did Jesus Say, ‘Pray That Your Escape Would Not Happen in Winter or on the Sabbath’ in Matthew 24:20?

He’s really talking to the people who will be alive in the future Tribulation period. They are living in Israel, in particular. I think these events describe what takes place in Jerusalem. 

It’s saying that in the middle of the Tribulation, when the Antichrist takes his seat on the throne in the Temple and tries to demand worship, those who live in Judea, particularly Jerusalem, need to flee. He says, “Woe to pregnant women and nursing mothers in those days.” Why? Because those Jewish women who are pregnant and nursing will find it much harder to flee.

Jesus also said to pray that your escape may not be in winter or on the Sabbath. Why? Because in Israel, winter is the rainy season and there are flash floods. It is very difficult. Roads are closed. There are a lot of problems escaping during winter because of the frequent rain.

As for the Sabbath in the land of Israel, even today, everything’s closed. There’s no public transportation. There’s no way to get around except by car. And even then, some roads are closed on the Sabbath. It makes it very clear that when the abomination of desolation occurs, escaping will be much more difficult for pregnant women and nursing mothers, or for anyone fleeing during winter or on the Sabbath.

 
Matthew 24:17–22

17 A man on the housetop must not come down to get things out of his house. 18 And a man in the field must not go back to get his clothes. 19 Woe to pregnant women and nursing mothers in those days! 20 Pray that your escape may not be in winter or on a Sabbath. 21 For at that time there will be great tribulation, the kind that hasn’t taken place from the beginning of the world until now and never will again! 22 Unless those days were limited, no one would survive. But those days will be limited because of the elect. (HCSB)

From the Moody Bible Commentary:
 
Verses 17–18 indicate that people should flee without giving any thought to getting things from their homes. During the winter (v. 20), roads were wet, muddy, and could be extremely hard to travel on. On the Sabbath, they might be more reluctant to flee as it would violate the command to rest, or they might not find much help along the way. 24:21–22. This is probably a reference to the future tribulation period, and not to AD 70. As bad as the Jewish war with Rome was, it does not match the severity of the language Jesus employed here. The phrase unless those days had been cut short means that God would not allow the days to go on for an undetermined time. This shows He is sovereign over the length of the great tribulation. Elect (v. 22; cf. also 24:24, 31) is often applied to Christians (cf. Rm 8:33; Col 3:12), and it is usually assumed that the word here refers to believers.
What Bible Verses Say Same-Sex Marriage Is Wrong?

People object to the Old Testament since we’re not under the Law of Moses. But even though we’re not under that law, it still teaches us what constitutes sexual morality. 

In the New Testament, we have laws or commandments that say we should practice morality and reject immorality, and we get the definition of what constitutes sexual immorality through the Old Testament. That would include homosexuality. 

There’s the passage in Romans 1 that says, “This is why God delivered them over to degrading passions. For even their females exchanged natural sexual relations for unnatural ones. The males, in the same way, also left natural relations with females and were inflamed in their lust for one another. Males committed shameless acts with males and received in their own persons the appropriate penalty of their error” (HCSB).  

So, in Romans 1:26
–27, it clearly seems to say even in the new covenant that same-sex relationships are something that God rejects. He doesn’t reject the people. He loves them and wants them to come to Him. But instead, He rejects that kind of relationship.

 
Romans 1:25–27

25 They exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshiped and served something created instead of the Creator, who is praised forever. Amen.

26 This is why God delivered them over to degrading passions. For even their females exchanged natural sexual relations for unnatural ones. 27 The males in the same way also left natural relations with females and were inflamed in their lust for one another. Males committed shameless acts with males and received in their own persons the appropriate penalty of their error. (HCSB)

From the Moody Bible Commentary:
 
People “exchanged the truth of God” for idols (1:25); For this reason God gave them over, this time, to homosexual behavior. Some claim that Paul is saying that it is wrong only for those whom God did not create as homosexuals to engage in homosexual behavior (the underlying thought being that God has created some as homosexuals, a contention that is unsubstantiated in science or in Scripture). Others argue that God is forbidding the ritual homosexuality practiced in Greco-Roman religions. The text says neither. The statement indicates that the homosexual behavior is a form of judgment against those who reject the knowledge of Him. If it is a form of His judgment, then the people of God must neither practice nor condone it. 

September 2026

Is Climate Change Connected to Luke 21 and End Times Prophecy?
Why Is David Called “The Man After God’s Own Heart” Despite All His Failures?
Why Did David and Bathsheba Name Their Son Solomon When God Told Nathan to Name Him Jedidiah?
What Does Romans 8:3 Mean When It Says God Condemned Sin In the Flesh?
Profile

Dr. Michael Rydelnik

Dr. Michael Rydelnik is Professor Emeritus of Jewish Studies and Bible at Moody Bible Institute, as well as the Host/Bible teacher on Moody Radio’s Open Line® with Dr. Michael Rydelnik. The son of Holocaust survivors, Michael was raised in an observant Jewish home in Brooklyn, New York. He became a follower of Jesus the Messiah as a high school student and began teaching the Bible almost immediately. He is the author of several books and is the co-editor of and contributor to The Moody Bible Commentary. Michael and his wife, Eva, live in West Michigan and have two adult sons.

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Tricia McMillan

Tricia McMillan is the senior producer of Chris Fabry Live, Equipped with Chris Brooks, and Moody Radio’s Open Line® with Dr. Michael Rydelnik. She has worked at Moody Radio since 2000 on a variety of programs. She is a graduate of Moody Bible Institute and has a Master of Ministry from Moody Theological Seminary. Tricia is married to Nate, has three children and lives in the Chicago suburbs.

Open Line with Dr. Michael Rydelnik

Open Line with Dr. Michael Rydelnik

At times, all believers have questions about the Bible, God or the spiritual life. Where can we turn when we need guidance from the God's Word? Moody Radio encourages you to bring your Bible and spiritual life questions to Moody Radio’s Open Line® with Dr. Michael Rydelnik every week.

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